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Animations","motion-accessibility-prefers-reduced-motion-performance",{"data":671},{"id":383,"title":384,"slug":385,"content":672,"course":673,"subcategory":674,"author":675,"reading_time_minutes":69,"cornerstone":52,"schema_type":681,"faq_json":5,"video_url":5,"canonical_url":682,"meta_title":683,"meta_description":684,"og_image":5,"toc_json":685,"code_examples":722,"quiz":5,"exercises":739,"published_at":5,"updated_at":747,"prev":748,"next":749},"\u003Ch2 id=\"why-forms-and-inputs-matter\">Why forms and inputs matter\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Forms and inputs\u003C\u002Fstrong> are how users log in, search, pay, sign up and send data. A poorly built form loses users, while a clear, accessible, well-validated form increases conversions. Modern HTML and CSS give you powerful tools so you can build great forms with less JavaScript.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Focus keyword: \u003Cstrong>CSS forms and inputs\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Related trending keywords: \u003Cem>accessible form design\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>:user-invalid\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>:focus-visible\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>accent-color\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>field-sizing: content\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>CSS toggle switch\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>floating label CSS\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>HTML form validation\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>autocomplete attribute\u003C\u002Fem>.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"start-with-correct-html\">Start with correct HTML\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Every control needs a visible \u003Ccode><label for='id'>\u003C\u002Fcode> linked to the input. Placeholders are not labels because they disappear and often have low contrast.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Use the right \u003Ccode>type\u003C\u002Fcode>: \u003Ccode>email\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>tel\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>url\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>number\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>date\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>search\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>password\u003C\u002Fcode>. This gives the right mobile keyboard and built-in validation.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Add \u003Ccode>autocomplete\u003C\u002Fcode> tokens such as \u003Ccode>name\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>email\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>username\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>new-password\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>one-time-code\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>street-address\u003C\u002Fcode>. It helps users and is a WCAG requirement for common data.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Use \u003Ccode>inputmode\u003C\u002Fcode> (for example \u003Ccode>numeric\u003C\u002Fcode>) when you need a specific keyboard without changing the type.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Group related controls with \u003Ccode><fieldset>\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode><legend>\u003C\u002Fcode>, especially radio buttons and checkboxes.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2 id=\"base-input-styling\">Base input styling\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Set \u003Ccode>font: inherit\u003C\u002Fcode> (controls do not inherit fonts by default), a minimum height of about 44px, padding, a visible border with at least 3:1 contrast against the background, and a clear \u003Ccode>:focus-visible\u003C\u002Fcode> state. Use \u003Ccode>box-sizing: border-box\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode>width: 100%\u003C\u002Fcode> with a max width. Keep font size at 16px or larger on mobile so iOS does not zoom in on focus.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"validation-with-html-and-css\">Validation with HTML and CSS\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Built-in attributes: \u003Ccode>required\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>minlength\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>maxlength\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>min\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>max\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>pattern\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>step\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>:invalid\u003C\u002Fcode> matches immediately, even before the user types, which shows red borders too early. Prefer \u003Ccode>:user-invalid\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode>:user-valid\u003C\u002Fcode>, which only match after the user has interacted with the field.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Show error text near the field and connect it with \u003Ccode>aria-describedby\u003C\u002Fcode>. Mark invalid fields with \u003Ccode>aria-invalid='true'\u003C\u002Fcode> when you control validation in JavaScript.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Do not use color alone. Add an icon or text such as Enter a valid email address.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>The Constraint Validation API (\u003Ccode>input.validity\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>setCustomValidity()\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>reportValidity()\u003C\u002Fcode>) lets you customize messages.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2 id=\"helpful-modern-css-for-forms\">Helpful modern CSS for forms\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>accent-color\u003C\u002Fcode>: change the color of native checkboxes, radios, range and progress with one line.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>field-sizing: content\u003C\u002Fcode>: lets textareas and inputs grow with their content (check browser support and provide fallback rows).\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>:has()\u003C\u002Fcode>: style a field wrapper when it contains an invalid input or a checked checkbox, for example \u003Ccode>.field:has(:user-invalid)\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>:placeholder-shown\u003C\u002Fcode>: detect an empty field to build floating labels.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>appearance: none\u003C\u002Fcode>: remove native styling to build custom switches, checkboxes and selects. Keep the real input in the DOM so it stays accessible.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>color-scheme\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode>light-dark()\u003C\u002Fcode>: make controls follow the theme.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2 id=\"custom-checkbox-and-switch\">Custom checkbox and switch\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Keep the native input and style it with \u003Ccode>appearance: none\u003C\u002Fcode>, or hide it visually (not with \u003Ccode>display: none\u003C\u002Fcode>) and style a sibling. For a toggle switch use \u003Ccode><input type='checkbox' role='switch'>\u003C\u002Fcode> so screen readers announce it as a switch.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"floating-labels\">Floating labels\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>A floating label sits inside the input and moves up when the field is focused or filled. Use \u003Ccode>placeholder=' '\u003C\u002Fcode> and the selector \u003Ccode>input:not(:placeholder-shown) + label\u003C\u002Fcode>. Make sure the label stays readable and does not overlap the text.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"layout-and-usability\">Layout and usability\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Use a single column for most forms. Use CSS grid for small related groups (city and ZIP).\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Put hints below the label, not inside the placeholder.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Mark required fields consistently and explain the marker.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Disable the submit button only if you explain why. Usually show errors on submit instead.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Keep touch targets large, and do not break paste in password fields.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2 id=\"quick-summary\">Quick summary\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Combine semantic labels, the right input types and autocomplete, clear focus and error states, and modern CSS like \u003Ccode>:user-invalid\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>accent-color\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode>:has()\u003C\u002Fcode> to create accessible \u003Cstrong>CSS forms and inputs\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; background: #f8fafc; }\n  form { max-width: 380px; display: grid; gap: 16px; background: #fff; padding: 24px; border-radius: 16px; box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.08); }\n  .field { display: grid; gap: 6px; }\n  label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 14px; }\n  .hint { font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; }\n  input, select, textarea { font: inherit; font-size: 16px; min-height: 44px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; }\n  input:focus-visible, select:focus-visible, textarea:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #c7d2fe; border-color: #4f46e5; }\n  button { min-height: 46px; border: 0; border-radius: 10px; background: #4f46e5; color: #fff; font: 700 16px system-ui; cursor: pointer; }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<form>\n  <div class='field'>\n    <label for='n'>Full name<\u002Flabel>\n    <input id='n' name='name' autocomplete='name' required>\n  <\u002Fdiv>\n  <div class='field'>\n    <label for='e'>Email<\u002Flabel>\n    <input id='e' type='email' name='email' autocomplete='email' aria-describedby='eh' required>\n    <span class='hint' id='eh'>We will never share your email.<\u002Fspan>\n  <\u002Fdiv>\n  <div class='field'>\n    <label for='c'>Country<\u002Flabel>\n    <select id='c' name='country' autocomplete='country-name'><option>Pakistan<\u002Foption><option>India<\u002Foption><option>Other<\u002Foption><\u002Fselect>\n  <\u002Fdiv>\n  <button type='submit'>Create account<\u002Fbutton>\n<\u002Fform>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; }\n  .field { display: grid; gap: 6px; max-width: 340px; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n  input { font: inherit; font-size: 16px; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 10px; }\n  .msg { display: none; font-size: 13px; }\n  \u002F* Only after the user interacts *\u002F\n  input:user-invalid { border-color: #dc2626; background: #fef2f2; }\n  input:user-valid { border-color: #16a34a; }\n  .field:has(input:user-invalid) .err { display: block; color: #b91c1c; }\n  .field:has(input:user-valid) .ok { display: block; color: #15803d; }\n  input:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #c7d2fe; }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<div class='field'>\n  <label for='em'>Email<\u002Flabel>\n  <input id='em' type='email' required aria-describedby='em-msg'>\n  <span id='em-msg'><span class='msg err'>Please enter a valid email, like name@example.com.<\u002Fspan><span class='msg ok'>Looks good.<\u002Fspan><\u002Fspan>\n<\u002Fdiv>\n<div class='field'>\n  <label for='pw'>Password (min 8 characters)<\u002Flabel>\n  <input id='pw' type='password' minlength='8' required autocomplete='new-password'>\n<\u002Fdiv>\n<p>Type, then leave the field. Errors appear only after interaction (:user-invalid).<\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; }\n  .row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }\n  .switch { appearance: none; position: relative; width: 52px; height: 30px; border-radius: 999px; background: #94a3b8; cursor: pointer; transition: background-color .25s; margin: 0; }\n  .switch::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 3px; left: 3px; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3); transition: transform .25s; }\n  .switch:checked { background: #16a34a; }\n  .switch:checked::before { transform: translateX(22px); }\n  .switch:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #f59e0b; outline-offset: 3px; }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .switch, .switch::before { transition: none; } }\n  .chk { accent-color: #4f46e5; width: 20px; height: 20px; }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<div class='row'>\n  <input class='switch' type='checkbox' role='switch' id='notif'>\n  <label for='notif'>Email notifications<\u002Flabel>\n<\u002Fdiv>\n<div class='row' style='margin-top:16px'>\n  <input class='chk' type='checkbox' id='terms'>\n  <label for='terms'>I accept the terms (accent-color)<\u002Flabel>\n<\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  .float { position: relative; width: 320px; }\n  .float input { width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; font-size: 16px; padding: 22px 12px 8px; min-height: 56px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 12px; background: #fff; }\n  .float label { position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 16px; color: #64748b; pointer-events: none; transition: transform .2s, color .2s; transform-origin: left top; }\n  .float input:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #c7d2fe; border-color: #4f46e5; }\n  .float input:focus + label, .float input:not(:placeholder-shown) + label { transform: translateY(-10px) scale(.78); color: #4f46e5; }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .float label { transition: none; } }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<div class='float'>\n  <input id='fn' placeholder=' ' autocomplete='given-name'>\n  <label for='fn'>First name<\u002Flabel>\n<\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; max-width: 420px; }\n  textarea { width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; font-size: 16px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 10px; min-height: 3lh; max-height: 12lh; field-sizing: content; }\n  input[type='range'] { width: 100%; accent-color: #ec4899; }\n  output { font-weight: 700; }\n  fieldset { border: 2px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; margin-top: 18px; }\n  legend { font-weight: 700; padding: 0 6px; }\n  fieldset label { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; padding: 6px 0; }\n  input[type='radio'] { accent-color: #4f46e5; width: 18px; height: 18px; }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<label for='msg'>Message (grows as you type)<\u002Flabel>\n<textarea id='msg' placeholder='Type several lines...'><\u002Ftextarea>\n<label for='vol' style='display:block;margin-top:18px'>Volume: <output id='o'>50<\u002Foutput><\u002Flabel>\n<input id='vol' type='range' min='0' max='100' value='50'>\n<fieldset>\n  <legend>Plan<\u002Flegend>\n  <label><input type='radio' name='plan' checked> Free<\u002Flabel>\n  <label><input type='radio' name='plan'> Pro<\u002Flabel>\n<\u002Ffieldset>\n<script>\n  document.getElementById('vol').addEventListener('input', function (e) { document.getElementById('o').textContent = e.target.value; });\n<\u002Fscript>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"name":9,"slug":10},{"name":366,"slug":367},{"slug":676,"display_name":677,"job_title":5,"short_bio":5,"expertise_tags":678,"headshot":5,"long_bio":5,"credentials":5,"twitter_url":5,"linkedin_url":5,"github_url":5,"personal_website_url":5,"other_sameas_urls":5,"topics":679,"posts":680},"badar-khalil","Badar Khalil",[],[],[],"Article","https:\u002F\u002Fwpfsharp.com\u002Ftopics\u002Fcss-forms-inputs","HTML & CSS Forms: Styled, Accessible Inputs and Validation","Master forms and inputs: labels, input types, :user-invalid validation, custom switches, floating labels, accent-color and field-sizing with live code.",[686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718],{"id":687,"text":688,"level":12,"children":689},"why-forms-and-inputs-matter","Why forms and inputs matter",[],{"id":691,"text":692,"level":12,"children":693},"start-with-correct-html","Start with correct HTML",[],{"id":695,"text":696,"level":12,"children":697},"base-input-styling","Base input styling",[],{"id":699,"text":700,"level":12,"children":701},"validation-with-html-and-css","Validation with HTML and CSS",[],{"id":703,"text":704,"level":12,"children":705},"helpful-modern-css-for-forms","Helpful modern CSS for forms",[],{"id":707,"text":708,"level":12,"children":709},"custom-checkbox-and-switch","Custom checkbox and switch",[],{"id":711,"text":712,"level":12,"children":713},"floating-labels","Floating labels",[],{"id":715,"text":716,"level":12,"children":717},"layout-and-usability","Layout and usability",[],{"id":719,"text":720,"level":12,"children":721},"quick-summary","Quick summary",[],[723,727,730,733,736],{"id":724,"language":16,"code":725,"is_editable":726},619,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; background: #f8fafc; }\n  form { max-width: 380px; display: grid; gap: 16px; background: #fff; padding: 24px; border-radius: 16px; box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.08); }\n  .field { display: grid; gap: 6px; }\n  label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 14px; }\n  .hint { font-size: 13px; color: #64748b; }\n  input, select, textarea { font: inherit; font-size: 16px; min-height: 44px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; }\n  input:focus-visible, select:focus-visible, textarea:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #c7d2fe; border-color: #4f46e5; }\n  button { min-height: 46px; border: 0; border-radius: 10px; background: #4f46e5; color: #fff; font: 700 16px system-ui; cursor: pointer; }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cform>\n  \u003Cdiv class='field'>\n    \u003Clabel for='n'>Full name\u003C\u002Flabel>\n    \u003Cinput id='n' name='name' autocomplete='name' required>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class='field'>\n    \u003Clabel for='e'>Email\u003C\u002Flabel>\n    \u003Cinput id='e' type='email' name='email' autocomplete='email' aria-describedby='eh' required>\n    \u003Cspan class='hint' id='eh'>We will never share your email.\u003C\u002Fspan>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class='field'>\n    \u003Clabel for='c'>Country\u003C\u002Flabel>\n    \u003Cselect id='c' name='country' autocomplete='country-name'>\u003Coption>Pakistan\u003C\u002Foption>\u003Coption>India\u003C\u002Foption>\u003Coption>Other\u003C\u002Foption>\u003C\u002Fselect>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cbutton type='submit'>Create account\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n\u003C\u002Fform>",true,{"id":728,"language":16,"code":729,"is_editable":726},620,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; }\n  .field { display: grid; gap: 6px; max-width: 340px; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n  input { font: inherit; font-size: 16px; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 10px; }\n  .msg { display: none; font-size: 13px; }\n  \u002F* Only after the user interacts *\u002F\n  input:user-invalid { border-color: #dc2626; background: #fef2f2; }\n  input:user-valid { border-color: #16a34a; }\n  .field:has(input:user-invalid) .err { display: block; color: #b91c1c; }\n  .field:has(input:user-valid) .ok { display: block; color: #15803d; }\n  input:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #c7d2fe; }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='field'>\n  \u003Clabel for='em'>Email\u003C\u002Flabel>\n  \u003Cinput id='em' type='email' required aria-describedby='em-msg'>\n  \u003Cspan id='em-msg'>\u003Cspan class='msg err'>Please enter a valid email, like name@example.com.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class='msg ok'>Looks good.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class='field'>\n  \u003Clabel for='pw'>Password (min 8 characters)\u003C\u002Flabel>\n  \u003Cinput id='pw' type='password' minlength='8' required autocomplete='new-password'>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>Type, then leave the field. Errors appear only after interaction (:user-invalid).\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":731,"language":16,"code":732,"is_editable":726},621,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; }\n  .row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }\n  .switch { appearance: none; position: relative; width: 52px; height: 30px; border-radius: 999px; background: #94a3b8; cursor: pointer; transition: background-color .25s; margin: 0; }\n  .switch::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 3px; left: 3px; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3); transition: transform .25s; }\n  .switch:checked { background: #16a34a; }\n  .switch:checked::before { transform: translateX(22px); }\n  .switch:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #f59e0b; outline-offset: 3px; }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .switch, .switch::before { transition: none; } }\n  .chk { accent-color: #4f46e5; width: 20px; height: 20px; }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='row'>\n  \u003Cinput class='switch' type='checkbox' role='switch' id='notif'>\n  \u003Clabel for='notif'>Email notifications\u003C\u002Flabel>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class='row' style='margin-top:16px'>\n  \u003Cinput class='chk' type='checkbox' id='terms'>\n  \u003Clabel for='terms'>I accept the terms (accent-color)\u003C\u002Flabel>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"id":734,"language":16,"code":735,"is_editable":726},622,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  .float { position: relative; width: 320px; }\n  .float input { width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; font-size: 16px; padding: 22px 12px 8px; min-height: 56px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 12px; background: #fff; }\n  .float label { position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 16px; color: #64748b; pointer-events: none; transition: transform .2s, color .2s; transform-origin: left top; }\n  .float input:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #c7d2fe; border-color: #4f46e5; }\n  .float input:focus + label, .float input:not(:placeholder-shown) + label { transform: translateY(-10px) scale(.78); color: #4f46e5; }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .float label { transition: none; } }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='float'>\n  \u003Cinput id='fn' placeholder=' ' autocomplete='given-name'>\n  \u003Clabel for='fn'>First name\u003C\u002Flabel>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"id":737,"language":16,"code":738,"is_editable":726},623,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 24px; max-width: 420px; }\n  textarea { width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; font-size: 16px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 10px; min-height: 3lh; max-height: 12lh; field-sizing: content; }\n  input[type='range'] { width: 100%; accent-color: #ec4899; }\n  output { font-weight: 700; }\n  fieldset { border: 2px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; margin-top: 18px; }\n  legend { font-weight: 700; padding: 0 6px; }\n  fieldset label { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; padding: 6px 0; }\n  input[type='radio'] { accent-color: #4f46e5; width: 18px; height: 18px; }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Clabel for='msg'>Message (grows as you type)\u003C\u002Flabel>\n\u003Ctextarea id='msg' placeholder='Type several lines...'>\u003C\u002Ftextarea>\n\u003Clabel for='vol' style='display:block;margin-top:18px'>Volume: \u003Coutput id='o'>50\u003C\u002Foutput>\u003C\u002Flabel>\n\u003Cinput id='vol' type='range' min='0' max='100' value='50'>\n\u003Cfieldset>\n  \u003Clegend>Plan\u003C\u002Flegend>\n  \u003Clabel>\u003Cinput type='radio' name='plan' checked> Free\u003C\u002Flabel>\n  \u003Clabel>\u003Cinput type='radio' name='plan'> Pro\u003C\u002Flabel>\n\u003C\u002Ffieldset>\n\u003Cscript>\n  document.getElementById('vol').addEventListener('input', function (e) { document.getElementById('o').textContent = e.target.value; });\n\u003C\u002Fscript>",[740],{"id":741,"title":742,"slug":743,"prompt":744,"starter_code":745,"expected_output":746,"language":16,"order_index":23},215,"Create an accessible validated signup field","accessible-validated-field","Style the email input. It needs a visible label, a hint linked with aria-describedby, a clear focus-visible style, and validation styling that only appears after interaction using :user-invalid. Show an error message next to the field using :has() without relying on color alone.","\u003Cstyle>\n  input { font: inherit; font-size: 16px; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #94a3b8; border-radius: 8px; }\n  .error { display: none; }\n  \u002F* TODO: focus-visible, :user-invalid, .field:has(...) .error { display:block } *\u002F\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='field'>\n  \u003Clabel for='mail'>Work email\u003C\u002Flabel>\n  \u003Cinput id='mail' type='email' required>\n  \u003C!-- TODO: hint with id and aria-describedby -->\n  \u003Cp class='error'>Enter a valid email address.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>","After typing an invalid email and leaving the field, the input shows a red border and the error text appears. Before interaction, nothing is shown in red.","2026-09-30T18:59:00+00:00",{"id":379,"slug":381,"title":380},{"id":387,"slug":389,"title":388}]