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Animations","motion-accessibility-prefers-reduced-motion-performance",{"data":647},[648,651,655,660,665],{"name":335,"slug":336,"description":649,"post_count":23,"subcategories":650},"Learn CSS with practical tutorials and examples covering layouts, Flexbox, Grid, responsive design, typography, positioning, animations, and more.",[],{"name":10,"slug":652,"description":653,"post_count":23,"subcategories":654},"html","Learn HTML with practical tutorials and examples for beginners. 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Explore Java syntax, variables, data types, classes, objects, methods, inheritance, exceptions, collections, and more with clear explanations and real code examples.",[],{"data":671},{"id":631,"title":632,"slug":633,"content":672,"course":673,"subcategory":674,"author":675,"reading_time_minutes":39,"cornerstone":26,"schema_type":681,"faq_json":5,"video_url":5,"canonical_url":682,"meta_title":683,"meta_description":684,"og_image":5,"toc_json":685,"code_examples":726,"quiz":5,"exercises":743,"published_at":5,"updated_at":751,"prev":752,"next":753},"\u003Ch2 id=\"what-are-css-keyframe-animations\">What are CSS keyframe animations?\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>CSS keyframe animations\u003C\u002Fstrong> let you define a sequence of styles using \u003Ccode>@keyframes\u003C\u002Fcode> and then apply it to an element with the \u003Ccode>animation\u003C\u002Fcode> property. Unlike transitions, animations can run automatically on load, loop forever, have many steps, play in reverse and be paused. They power loaders, attention effects, skeleton screens, hero intros and looping backgrounds without any JavaScript.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Focus keyword: \u003Cstrong>CSS keyframe animations\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Related trending keywords: \u003Cem>@keyframes animation\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>animation-fill-mode\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>CSS loading spinner\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>staggered animation\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>@property animated gradient\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>animation-composition\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>CSS typing effect\u003C\u002Fem>.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"step-1-define-at-keyframes\">Step 1: define @keyframes\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Give the animation a name and describe the states. Use \u003Ccode>from\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode>to\u003C\u002Fcode> for two steps, or percentages for multiple steps: \u003Ccode>@keyframes pulse { 0% { transform: scale(1); } 50% { transform: scale(1.15); } 100% { transform: scale(1); } }\u003C\u002Fcode>. If you omit a \u003Ccode>from\u003C\u002Fcode> keyframe, the browser uses the element's current style.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"step-2-apply-it-with-animation\">Step 2: apply it with animation\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The longhand properties are:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-name\u003C\u002Fcode>: which @keyframes to use.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-duration\u003C\u002Fcode>: length of one cycle.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-timing-function\u003C\u002Fcode>: easing for the whole cycle (and it can be overridden per keyframe).\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-delay\u003C\u002Fcode>: wait before starting. Negative values start part-way through, useful for staggering loops.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-iteration-count\u003C\u002Fcode>: a number or \u003Ccode>infinite\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-direction\u003C\u002Fcode>: \u003Ccode>normal\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>reverse\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>alternate\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>alternate-reverse\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-fill-mode\u003C\u002Fcode>: \u003Ccode>none\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>forwards\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>backwards\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>both\u003C\u002Fcode>. Use \u003Ccode>both\u003C\u002Fcode> (or \u003Ccode>forwards\u003C\u002Fcode>) to keep the end state, and \u003Ccode>backwards\u003C\u002Fcode> to apply the first keyframe during the delay.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-play-state\u003C\u002Fcode>: \u003Ccode>running\u003C\u002Fcode> or \u003Ccode>paused\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>animation-composition\u003C\u002Fcode>: \u003Ccode>replace\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>add\u003C\u002Fcode> or \u003Ccode>accumulate\u003C\u002Fcode>, which controls how animated values combine with the element's underlying values.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>Shorthand: \u003Ccode>animation: pulse 1.5s ease-in-out 0s infinite alternate both;\u003C\u002Fcode>. Tip: the first time value is always the duration and the second is the delay.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"transitions-vs-animations\">Transitions vs animations\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Transition\u003C\u002Fstrong>: reacts to a state change, has only a start and an end, no looping.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Animation\u003C\u002Fstrong>: can start by itself, has many keyframes, can loop, reverse and pause.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2 id=\"multiple-animations-on-one-element\">Multiple animations on one element\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Separate with commas: \u003Ccode>animation: fadeIn .6s ease-out both, float 3s ease-in-out .6s infinite alternate;\u003C\u002Fcode>. Be careful that two animations do not fight over the same property, such as two that both animate \u003Ccode>transform\u003C\u002Fcode>. The later one wins. Use individual properties (\u003Ccode>translate\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>rotate\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>scale\u003C\u002Fcode>) or \u003Ccode>animation-composition: add\u003C\u002Fcode> to combine them.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"steps-for-frame-by-frame-effects\">steps() for frame-by-frame effects\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Use \u003Ccode>steps(n)\u003C\u002Fcode> as the timing function for sprite sheets, typing effects and blinking cursors. It jumps between values instead of interpolating smoothly.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"stagger-with-custom-properties\">Stagger with custom properties\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Set an index per element, such as \u003Ccode>style='--i: 3'\u003C\u002Fcode>, and use \u003Ccode>animation-delay: calc(var(--i) * 100ms)\u003C\u002Fcode>. This is a clean way to reveal lists, cards and menus one after another.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"animating-gradients-with-at-property\">Animating gradients with @property\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Normal custom properties are not animatable because the browser does not know their type. Registering them with \u003Ccode>@property\u003C\u002Fcode> (for example, \u003Ccode>syntax: '<angle>'\u003C\u002Fcode>) makes them interpolable, which enables rotating gradients, animated borders and color shifts.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 id=\"best-practices\">Best practices\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Animate \u003Ccode>transform\u003C\u002Fcode> and \u003Ccode>opacity\u003C\u002Fcode> whenever possible for smooth 60fps or higher.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Use \u003Ccode>animation-fill-mode: both\u003C\u002Fcode> for entry animations so there is no flash of the un-animated state.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Keep looping animations subtle, and always offer a way to reduce or stop them.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Use meaningful names like \u003Ccode>fade-slide-up\u003C\u002Fcode> instead of \u003Ccode>anim1\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Do not animate everything at once. Motion should guide attention.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2 id=\"quick-summary\">Quick summary\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Define with \u003Ccode>@keyframes\u003C\u002Fcode>, apply with \u003Ccode>animation\u003C\u002Fcode>, and control the behavior with fill-mode, direction, iteration count and delays. Use \u003Cstrong>CSS keyframe animations\u003C\u002Fstrong> for automatic, multi-step or looping motion.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { display: flex; gap: 40px; padding: 40px; align-items: center; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; }\n  .pulse { width: 70px; height: 70px; border-radius: 50%; background: #ef4444; animation: pulse 1.4s ease-in-out infinite; }\n  .spinner { width: 50px; height: 50px; border: 6px solid #e5e7eb; border-top-color: #4f46e5; border-radius: 50%; animation: spin .9s linear infinite; }\n  .bounce { width: 50px; height: 50px; background: #10b981; border-radius: 10px; animation: bounce 1s cubic-bezier(.3, 0, .7, 1) infinite alternate; }\n  @keyframes pulse { 0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 50% { transform: scale(1.25); opacity: .6; } }\n  @keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }\n  @keyframes bounce { from { transform: translateY(0); } to { transform: translateY(-60px); } }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<div class='pulse'><\u002Fdiv>\n<div class='spinner'><\u002Fdiv>\n<div class='bounce'><\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; width: 280px; }\n  li { padding: 14px 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; background: #eef2ff; border-radius: 10px; animation: slideUp .6s ease-out both; animation-delay: calc(var(--i) * 120ms); }\n  @keyframes slideUp { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(24px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { li { animation: none; } }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<ul>\n  <li style='--i: 0'>First item<\u002Fli>\n  <li style='--i: 1'>Second item<\u002Fli>\n  <li style='--i: 2'>Third item<\u002Fli>\n  <li style='--i: 3'>Fourth item<\u002Fli>\n<\u002Ful>\n<p>Fill mode <b>both<\u002Fb> keeps items hidden during their delay.<\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { background: #0f172a; display: grid; place-items: center; min-height: 160px; }\n  .type { font: 600 22px ui-monospace, Menlo, monospace; color: #38bdf8; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; border-right: 3px solid #38bdf8; width: 0; animation: typing 3s steps(26) forwards, caret .7s step-end infinite; }\n  @keyframes typing { to { width: 26ch; } }\n  @keyframes caret { 50% { border-color: transparent; } }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<div class='type'>CSS typing effect with steps<\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  @property --angle { syntax: '<angle>'; initial-value: 0deg; inherits: false; }\n  body { display: grid; place-items: center; min-height: 240px; background: #0b1020; }\n  .glow {\n    width: 260px; height: 140px; display: grid; place-items: center; border-radius: 16px; color: #fff; font: 700 18px system-ui, sans-serif;\n    border: 4px solid transparent;\n    background: linear-gradient(#0b1020, #0b1020) padding-box, conic-gradient(from var(--angle), #22d3ee, #a855f7, #f43f5e, #22d3ee) border-box;\n    animation: rotate 4s linear infinite;\n  }\n  @keyframes rotate { to { --angle: 360deg; } }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .glow { animation: none; } }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<div class='glow'>Animated @property border<\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"try-it-yourself language-html\">\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode><style>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  .box { width: 90px; height: 90px; background: #f59e0b; border-radius: 12px; animation: float 2s ease-in-out infinite alternate; }\n  .box.paused { animation-play-state: paused; }\n  @keyframes float { from { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); } to { transform: translateY(40px) rotate(20deg); } }\n<\u002Fstyle>\n<button id='pause'>Pause \u002F Play<\u002Fbutton>\n<div class='box' id='box' style='margin-top: 20px'><\u002Fdiv>\n<script>\n  document.getElementById('pause').addEventListener('click', function () {\n    document.getElementById('box').classList.toggle('paused');\n  });\n<\u002Fscript>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"name":335,"slug":336},{"name":615,"slug":616},{"slug":676,"display_name":677,"job_title":5,"short_bio":5,"expertise_tags":678,"headshot":5,"long_bio":5,"credentials":5,"twitter_url":5,"linkedin_url":5,"github_url":5,"personal_website_url":5,"other_sameas_urls":5,"topics":679,"posts":680},"badar-khalil","Badar Khalil",[],[],[],"Article","https:\u002F\u002Fwpfsharp.com\u002Ftopics\u002Fcss-keyframe-animations","CSS Keyframe Animations: @keyframes Complete Guide","Learn CSS keyframe animations: @keyframes, animation shorthand, fill-mode, direction, steps(), stagger delays and @property with live editable examples.",[686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722],{"id":687,"text":688,"level":23,"children":689},"what-are-css-keyframe-animations","What are CSS keyframe animations?",[],{"id":691,"text":692,"level":23,"children":693},"step-1-define-at-keyframes","Step 1: define @keyframes",[],{"id":695,"text":696,"level":23,"children":697},"step-2-apply-it-with-animation","Step 2: apply it with animation",[],{"id":699,"text":700,"level":23,"children":701},"transitions-vs-animations","Transitions vs animations",[],{"id":703,"text":704,"level":23,"children":705},"multiple-animations-on-one-element","Multiple animations on one element",[],{"id":707,"text":708,"level":23,"children":709},"steps-for-frame-by-frame-effects","steps() for frame-by-frame effects",[],{"id":711,"text":712,"level":23,"children":713},"stagger-with-custom-properties","Stagger with custom properties",[],{"id":715,"text":716,"level":23,"children":717},"animating-gradients-with-at-property","Animating gradients with @property",[],{"id":719,"text":720,"level":23,"children":721},"best-practices","Best practices",[],{"id":723,"text":724,"level":23,"children":725},"quick-summary","Quick summary",[],[727,731,734,737,740],{"id":728,"language":652,"code":729,"is_editable":730},586,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { display: flex; gap: 40px; padding: 40px; align-items: center; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; }\n  .pulse { width: 70px; height: 70px; border-radius: 50%; background: #ef4444; animation: pulse 1.4s ease-in-out infinite; }\n  .spinner { width: 50px; height: 50px; border: 6px solid #e5e7eb; border-top-color: #4f46e5; border-radius: 50%; animation: spin .9s linear infinite; }\n  .bounce { width: 50px; height: 50px; background: #10b981; border-radius: 10px; animation: bounce 1s cubic-bezier(.3, 0, .7, 1) infinite alternate; }\n  @keyframes pulse { 0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 50% { transform: scale(1.25); opacity: .6; } }\n  @keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }\n  @keyframes bounce { from { transform: translateY(0); } to { transform: translateY(-60px); } }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='pulse'>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class='spinner'>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class='bounce'>\u003C\u002Fdiv>",true,{"id":732,"language":652,"code":733,"is_editable":730},587,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; width: 280px; }\n  li { padding: 14px 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; background: #eef2ff; border-radius: 10px; animation: slideUp .6s ease-out both; animation-delay: calc(var(--i) * 120ms); }\n  @keyframes slideUp { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(24px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { li { animation: none; } }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cul>\n  \u003Cli style='--i: 0'>First item\u003C\u002Fli>\n  \u003Cli style='--i: 1'>Second item\u003C\u002Fli>\n  \u003Cli style='--i: 2'>Third item\u003C\u002Fli>\n  \u003Cli style='--i: 3'>Fourth item\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Fill mode \u003Cb>both\u003C\u002Fb> keeps items hidden during their delay.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":735,"language":652,"code":736,"is_editable":730},588,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { background: #0f172a; display: grid; place-items: center; min-height: 160px; }\n  .type { font: 600 22px ui-monospace, Menlo, monospace; color: #38bdf8; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; border-right: 3px solid #38bdf8; width: 0; animation: typing 3s steps(26) forwards, caret .7s step-end infinite; }\n  @keyframes typing { to { width: 26ch; } }\n  @keyframes caret { 50% { border-color: transparent; } }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='type'>CSS typing effect with steps\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"id":738,"language":652,"code":739,"is_editable":730},589,"\u003Cstyle>\n  @property --angle { syntax: '\u003Cangle>'; initial-value: 0deg; inherits: false; }\n  body { display: grid; place-items: center; min-height: 240px; background: #0b1020; }\n  .glow {\n    width: 260px; height: 140px; display: grid; place-items: center; border-radius: 16px; color: #fff; font: 700 18px system-ui, sans-serif;\n    border: 4px solid transparent;\n    background: linear-gradient(#0b1020, #0b1020) padding-box, conic-gradient(from var(--angle), #22d3ee, #a855f7, #f43f5e, #22d3ee) border-box;\n    animation: rotate 4s linear infinite;\n  }\n  @keyframes rotate { to { --angle: 360deg; } }\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .glow { animation: none; } }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='glow'>Animated @property border\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"id":741,"language":652,"code":742,"is_editable":730},590,"\u003Cstyle>\n  body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  .box { width: 90px; height: 90px; background: #f59e0b; border-radius: 12px; animation: float 2s ease-in-out infinite alternate; }\n  .box.paused { animation-play-state: paused; }\n  @keyframes float { from { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); } to { transform: translateY(40px) rotate(20deg); } }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cbutton id='pause'>Pause \u002F Play\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n\u003Cdiv class='box' id='box' style='margin-top: 20px'>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cscript>\n  document.getElementById('pause').addEventListener('click', function () {\n    document.getElementById('box').classList.toggle('paused');\n  });\n\u003C\u002Fscript>",[744],{"id":745,"title":746,"slug":747,"prompt":748,"starter_code":749,"expected_output":750,"language":652,"order_index":9},208,"Create a fade-slide-in entry animation","fade-slide-in-animation","Write @keyframes named fade-slide-in that animates opacity from 0 to 1 and translateY from 30px to 0. Apply it to .hero with a duration of 700ms, ease-out and fill-mode both. Then make the h1 and p animate one after another using an --i custom property and animation-delay.","\u003Cstyle>\n  .hero { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; padding: 30px; }\n  \u002F* TODO: @keyframes fade-slide-in *\u002F\n  \u002F* TODO: apply animation with delay based on --i *\u002F\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003Cdiv class='hero'>\u003Ch1 style='--i: 0'>Welcome\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp style='--i: 1'>Keyframes make intros easy.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>","The heading fades and slides up first, followed by the paragraph 120ms to 200ms later, and both stay visible at the end.","2026-09-30T18:50:34+00:00",{"id":627,"slug":629,"title":628},{"id":635,"slug":637,"title":636}]